Now that you can run and use Kali Linux on Windows 10 there are useful commands that can be run on the console but not all the commands that are running on the full Kali Linux is available for Kali Linux on Windows 10.
If you want that all commands will be available you need to make some updates to the Windows 10 including adding Bash.
This article focuses on the available commands in Kali Linux in Windows 10.
Identify which Linux version is running with the following command:

cat /proc/version

Identify which Linux distribution is running with the following command:

cat /etc/issue

Which metapackages are available on Kali Linux with the following command:

apt-get update && apt-cache search kali-linux

To see the list of tools included in a metapackage run the following command:

apt-cache show kali-linux-web |grep Depends

Install the latest distribution of Kali with the following command:

apt-get dist-upgrade

To update all the programs installed on your machine run the following command:

apt-get update or apt-get upgrade

To check who is UID 0 run the following command:

getent passwd 0

To check who is in groups root run the following command:

getent group root